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目的:探讨家庭精神环境对3～6岁儿童行为问题发生的影响,为今后儿童心理卫生保健服务工作和相应政策方案的制定提供依据。方法:采用Conners简明症状问卷和家庭环境量表,用分层整群抽样法对中山市11个镇区66所幼儿园在读3～6岁儿童进行调查,通径分析探讨家庭精神环境对儿童行为总分的影响。结果:有14.05%的儿童存在行为问题,其中男童17.10%,女童10.50%(P<0.01);随年龄增长行为问题有所下降(3岁组15.60%,4岁组14.50%,5岁组13.10%;P<0.01)。10个家庭精神特征中,除了道德宗教观外,家庭精神特征都是通过直接和间接作用共同影响行为总分,依照总通径系数的大小依次为矛盾性(0.146 7)、知识性(-0.146 2)、亲密度(-0.142 4)、组织性(-0.126 2)、娱乐性(-0.114 2)、情感表达(-0.089 4)、控制性(-0.055 5)、独立性(0.031 7)和成功性(0.010 1),其中直接作用最大的是矛盾性(0.1136)和知识性(-0.107 8)。结论:家庭精神环境对学龄前儿童行为问题的发生有影响,在进行儿童行为问题的筛查、诊断和干预时,必须重视家庭精神环境作用。
Objective: To investigate the impact of family environment on the behavioral problems of children aged 3 ~ 6 years and provide the basis for the future work of mental health care services in children and the formulation of corresponding policies and plans. Methods: Conners brief symptom questionnaire and family environment scale were used to survey 66 children aged 3-6 years old in 66 kindergartens in eleven townships of Zhongshan City by stratified cluster sampling method. The path analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of family spirit on total child behavior The impact of points. Results: There were 14.05% of children had behavioral problems, including 17.10% for boys and 10.50% for girls (P <0.01). Behavior problems with age declined (15.60% in 3 years, 14.50% in 4 years, 5 years in 5 years 13.10%; P <0.01). In addition to the moral and religious views, family psychic characteristics all affect the total score of behavior through direct and indirect effects. According to the size of the total path coefficient, contradictory (0.146 7), knowledgeable (-0.146 2), intimacy (-0.142 4), organization (-0.126 2), entertainment (-0.114 2), emotional expression (-0.089 4), control (-0.055 5), independence Success (0.010 1), the most direct of which is contradictory (0.1136) and knowledge (-0.107 8). Conclusion: The family environment affects the behavior problems of preschoolers. When screening, diagnosing and interveneing children behavioral problems, family psychology environment must be emphasized.