一、我国技术引进工作中存在的三大问题首先,我国在技术引进中存在着以“硬件为主、软件为辅”的倾向。目前,国际技术转移呈现“软件化”趋势,纯粹知识或信息形态的技术转移,如专利、专有技术、技术情报等,占据了越发重要的地位。各国更多地以许可证贸易方式来转移技术,发达国家间的技术贸易中软件技术占80%以上。而我国的技术引进恰与国际技术转移趋势背道而驰。据不完全统计,1952年到1985年,我国包括进口设备在内的技术引进1万余项,用汇约300多亿美元,其中引进软件的费用只占5—7%(不包括进口成套设备带进的软件)。如果说这里有改革开放前特定因素的影响(如国际环境的制约、对外经济工作的失误等),不利于引进软件技术,那么,改革开放过程中的情况 First, China’s three major problems in the introduction of technology First, China’s introduction of technology there is a “hardware-based, supplemented by software” tendency. At present, the international technology transfer presents the trend of “softwareization”, and the transfer of technology such as patents, know-how and technical information, pure knowledge or information form, occupies an increasingly important position. Countries are shifting their technology more in the form of licensing trade, with more than 80% of software technology in technology trade among developed countries. However, the introduction of technology in China runs counter to the trend of international technology transfer. According to incomplete statistics, from 1952 to 1985, China imported more than 10,000 items of technology, including about 30 billion U.S. dollars, of which only 5-7% of the cost of importing software (excluding imported complete sets of equipment Brought into the software). If we say that there are specific factors before the reform and opening up (such as the constraints of the international environment, foreign economic errors, etc.), is not conducive to the introduction of software technology, then the process of reform and opening up