内质网应激（ERS）是机体重要的防御机制，在各种理化或生理因素的刺激下，细胞通过一系列信号转导途径进行应答，来决定细胞是适应还是凋亡。氟可引起机体神经系统损伤，导致学习记忆能力下降及认知障碍，但其发生机制未明。已有研究结果表明，氟中毒的损伤机制可能与ERS介导的细胞凋亡有关。近年来，氟中毒所致的神经系统损伤得到了研究者的广泛关注，ERS可能在其发生机制中起到重要作用。因此，综合阐述ERS可能在氟中毒所致神经系统损伤中的重要作用，可为阐明氟中毒的发病机制提供新思路。“,”Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important defense mechanism. Under the stimulation of various physical and chemical factors, cells respond to a series of signal transduction pathways to determine whether cells are adapted or not. Fluoride can cause impairment to the nervous system of the body, leading to learning, memory and cognitive impairment, but its mechanism is unknown. Studies have shown that the mechanism of fluorosis damage may be related to ERS-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, nervous system injury caused by fluorosis has been widely concerned by researchers, and ERS may play an important role in its mechanism. Therefore, this article will comprehensively explain the possible role of ERS in nervous system injury caused by fluorosis, and provide a new idea for elucidating the pathogenesis of fluorosis.