目前城镇地区存着严重的失业问题。特别是象沈阳、哈尔滨这样的重工业大工厂集中的老工业城市,失业问题的压力更是巨大。当前城镇地区的失业是实质性的失业:按劳动部门的统计口径统计出来的失业率仍然很低,但是实质上的失业率却很高。绝大多数失业者名义上还是某个工厂的职工,但是既不能上班工作。也领不到工资。现在社会上流行的“下岗”概念比较准确地 At present, there are serious unemployment problems in urban areas. Especially in old industrial cities like Shenyang and Harbin, where major heavy industry factories are concentrated, the pressure of unemployment is even greater. Unemployment in the current urban areas is a real joblessness: the unemployment rate is still very low according to the statistics of the labor sector, but the unemployment rate is actually high. The vast majority of the unemployed are nominally workers at a factory, but neither can work. Also can not receive salary. Now popular in the community “laid-off ” concept more accurately