汞对人体的毒性 ,在很大程度上决定于它的存在形式。汞和甘汞 (氯化亚汞 )等难溶于水 ,不容易被胃肠吸收 ,因此毒性小。但是 ,经呼吸道吸入则易使机体中毒 ,因为肺泡的吸收率比肠粘膜高得多 ,无机汞在肠道的吸收率小于 5% ,肺泡的吸收率却高达 80 %。同时 ,由于汞可以流动 ,又 The toxicity of mercury to human beings depends to a large extent on its existence. Mercury and calomel (mercuric chloride) are poorly soluble in water and are not easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and are therefore less toxic. However, inhalation of the respiratory tract can easily poison the body because the rate of absorption of the alveoli is much higher than that of the intestinal mucosa. The absorption rate of inorganic mercury in the intestine is less than 5% and the rate of alveolar absorption is as high as 80%. At the same time, mercury can flow as well