生育政策的调整与家庭结构的演变之间存在着密切的关系,当生育政策调整时,必然会引起家庭结构的变化。本文首先分析了传统的多代同堂、多子多福的大家庭结构和独生子女政策实施时所产生的“四二一”家庭结构的基本特征及其优势劣势,然后又揭示了在“全面二孩”政策背景下,二孩家庭的出现将会在调节家庭人口数量、减轻家庭养老压力、家庭生命周期正常化等方面发挥重要作用。 There is a close relationship between the adjustment of the birth policy and the evolution of the family structure. When the birth policy is adjusted, it will inevitably lead to the change of the family structure. This article first analyzes the basic features and advantages and disadvantages of the traditional family structure of multi-generational, multi-family and multi-blessed families and the birth of the “one two-one” family structure when the one-child policy is implemented. Under the policy of “full two children,” the appearance of second child families will play an important role in regulating the number of family members, alleviating the pressure on family retirement and normalizing the family life cycle.