特发性急进性肾小球肾炎是指一类原因不明的急性肾小球疾病,其临床特征为血尿、蛋白尿、少尿或无尿,血压升高或正常,在短期内(数周或数月)进行至终末期肾功能衰竭。其肾小球的形态学特征为广泛的球囊新月体形成,血管丛的细胞增生则不明显。该病还被不同作者称为急进性肾小球肾炎、暴发性肾炎、恶性肾炎、急性少尿性肾炎或急性无尿性肾 Idiopathic and acute glomerulonephritis refers to a class of unexplained acute glomerular disease whose clinical features are hematuria, albuminuria, oliguria or anuria, elevated or normal blood pressure, short term (weeks or Months) to end-stage renal failure. The glomerular morphological features of a wide range of balloon crescent formation, vascular plexus proliferation is not obvious. The disease is also referred to by different authors as acute glomerulonephritis, fulminant nephritis, malignant nephritis, acute oliguric nephritis or acute urinary bladder