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目的 了解东莞市4～6岁儿童维生素A缺乏现状,以及维生素A水平对白细胞计数及其分类的影响,为进一步研究提供理论支持.方法 采用随机抽样调查的方法,于2017年4-8月选取东莞市无现患疾病的4～6岁儿童进行血常规及维生素A浓度检测,其中五分类血常规采用全自动血细胞分析仪检测;维生素A浓度采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测.结果 维生素A缺乏人数占总调查人数的34.97％(539/1 687).男童嗜酸粒细胞计数、嗜碱粒细胞计数及单核细胞计数高于女童.随着年龄增长,单核细胞及淋巴细胞数量逐渐降低.4岁及6岁组儿童维生素A缺乏组淋巴细胞数量低于维生素A正常组;而在5岁组儿童,维生素A缺乏组中性粒细胞高于维生素A正常组.结论 东莞市4～6岁儿童维生素A缺乏状况仍较严重,并可对淋巴细胞计数及中性粒细胞计数产生影响.“,”Objective To know about the status of vitamin A deficiency of 4 to 6-year-old children in Dongguan city, and the effects of vitamin A on count and classification of leukocyte.Methods A sampling survey was used to selected healthy children aged 4～6 in this study, and full blood differential counts were determined by blood routine examination, vitamin A concentration were tested by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) .Results The percentage of vitamin A deficiency was 34.97％ (539/1 687) .The count of eosinophils, basophils and mononuclear cells of boys was higher than thase of girls.The number of monocytes and lymphocytes decreased with age.The count of lymphocyte in vitamin A deficiency group was less than that of vitamin A normal group in 4-year-old and 6-year-old children.While the count of neutrophils was higher in the vitamin A deficiency group than that of the vitamin A normal group in 5-year-old children.Conclusion The situation of vitamin A deficiency in preschool children in Dongguan city is still serious, and the vitamin A deficiency can affect the count of lymphocyte and neutrophils.