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据文献报道,在非洲下撒哈拉地区的成人中,与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染有关的卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)的流行情况尚不明。在免疫缺陷出现之前,一般认为大多数与HIV有关的PCP成人患者由于先前的暴露而对卡氏肺孢子虫有保护性免疫。在美国的一项前瞻性研究中,67例有免疫活性的肺炎婴儿中,其中的14％通过检测血中抗原被诊断为PCP。如果在有免疫活性的婴儿中PCP的流行达此程度,则可预计包括非洲下撒哈拉在内的有HIV流行地区的幼儿中的PCP将是高度流行的。在HIV感染的婴儿中,卡氏肺孢子虫可能是婴儿有生以来的首次感染。在象牙海岸,78例HIV血清学阳性和77例HIV血清学阴性者的尸检研究显示,36
It has been reported in the literature that the prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is not known in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Prior to the appearance of immunodeficiency, most HIV-related PCP adult patients are generally considered to be protective against Pneumocystis carinii due to previous exposure. In a prospective American study of 14 of 67 immunocompetent pneumonia infants, PCP was diagnosed by detecting blood antigens. PCP in highly immunocompetent infants may be expected to be highly prevalent in young children with areas endemic for HIV, including sub-Saharan Africa, to the extent that PCP is endemic. In HIV-infected infants, Pneumocystis carinii may be the first infection in a baby’s life. In the Ivory Coast, an autopsy study of 78 HIV seropositive and 77 HIV seronegative patients showed that 36