子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”又曰:“吾日三省吾身。”这种反思与心理学中的元认知同理,指的是对自己的思维过程、思维结果进行再认识的检验过程。然而在科学学习过程中,我们经常发现学生对别人评价得头头是道,对自己要么信心不足,总认为自己不行,要么就自以为是,不虚心听取别人意见。这种自卑与过分的自信都是缺乏正确的反思能力的表现。反思是学习中不可缺少的重要环节。当代建构主义学说认为,学习不是被动地接受,不是单 Confucius said: “If you think without thinking, you will not know what you think, but you will not learn but you will not learn.” “Again, I said:” This is a reflection of the meta-cognition in psychology that refers to Is the process of thinking of their own thinking to re-recognize the test results. However, in the process of scientific learning, we often find that students are overvalued in their evaluation of others, either lack confidence in themselves or think they can not do so either because they are self-righteous and do not openly listen to others’ opinions. This inferiority and overconfidence are all manifestations of the lack of proper reflection. Reflection is an indispensable part of learning. Contemporary constructivist doctrine that learning is not passively accepted, not a single