miR-146a是一种单链非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA的特异性结合,在转录后水平对基因表达进行调控,参与固有免疫应答的多个环节,与多种感染性疾病及自身免疫性疾病有关,在抑制炎症反应的加重和维持免疫稳态中发挥重要作用。在病原微生物感染时,miR-146a作为重要的固有免疫信号调节分子,可以与经典的固有免疫应答体系共同组成机体抵御病原微生物入侵的“第一道防线”。本文总结了miR-146a对固有免疫应答的调控作用,尤其是miR-146a的作用靶点及作用途径。 miR-146a is a single-stranded, non-coding small RNA that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through its specific binding to target mRNAs and participates in multiple links of the innate immune response in combination with a variety of infectious diseases and autoimmunity Sexually transmitted diseases, play an important role in inhibiting the aggravation of inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis. As an important innate immune signal regulator, miR-146a, together with the classical innate immune response system, constitutes the “first line of defense” against the invasion by pathogenic microorganisms during pathogenic microorganism infection. This article summarizes the regulation of miR-146a on the innate immune response, in particular the role of miR-146a targets and pathways.