论文部分内容阅读
(一)国内外能耗及节能概况 能源与一个国家的国民经济总产值密切相关。随着工业的发展和人民生活的提高,能源需要也逐年增加。近年来世界能源供应紧张,价格上涨。从1973年到1980年,原油价格提高了11倍,但扣除货币贬值的因素后,实际提高两倍多。在1973年以前,工业发达国家每年能源消费增长率为4～5％,而在1973～1979年期间,每年增长率不到0.5％。国民经济总产值增长率也相应地下降,每年不到1％。这表明经济总产值的增长与能源密切相关。 1980年我国能源消耗总量为6亿吨标煤,当年国民生产总值为2855亿美元,折成单位国民生产总值的标准燃料消耗为22.11万吨/亿美元,而1979年日本该项指标是4.35万吨/
(A) Overview of energy consumption and energy conservation at home and abroad Energy is closely related to the gross national product of a country. With the development of industry and the improvement of people’s lives, the energy needs also increase year by year. In recent years, the world’s energy supply is tight and prices are rising. From 1973 to 1980, the price of crude oil increased 11-fold but actually more than tripled after deducting the currency devaluation. Before 1973, the annual growth rate of energy consumption in industrialized countries was 4% to 5%, while in the period of 1973 to 1979, the annual growth rate was less than 0.5%. The growth rate of the gross national product also dropped accordingly, less than 1% a year. This shows that the growth of GDP is closely related to energy. In 1980, China’s total energy consumption was 600 million tons of standard coal, when the gross national product was 285.5 billion U.S. dollars and the standard fuel consumption per unit of GDP was 221.1 thousand tons / U.S. dollar. In 1979, Japan’s target Is 43,500 tons /