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目的了解山西省地方性砷中毒病情分布状况,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《2009年度中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金山西省饮水型地方性砷中毒病情调查项目技术方案》的要求,结合既往调查资料,对8个县(市)45个村居民的饮水砷含量和暴露人群发病情况进行了拉网式调查。结果 45个村中,未改水村21个,共采水样90份,超标46份,超标率为51.11%,水砷超标现象比较严重,最高达到0.870 0 mg/L;已改水村24个,共采水样192份,超标32份,超标率为16.67%,水砷含量最高为0.186 0 mg/L,最低为0.000 5 mg/L;调查未改水村村民38 232人,查出砷中毒患者400人,患病率为1.05%(400/38 232),调查改水村村民32 729人,查出砷中毒患者101人,患病率为0.31%(101/32 729),根据国家砷中毒病区划分标准,21个未改水村中16个村为轻病区,其余5个村为潜在病区;24个已改水村中14个村为轻病区,其余10个村为潜在病区;发病率随年龄增大而增加,男女患病性别差异明显(χ2=13.093,P<0.01),女性高于男性。结论未改水村水砷超标率高,已改水村个别村水砷含量仍然超标,没有达到改水降砷的效果,应另寻低砷水源或加强改水工程的后期管理和维护。
Objective To understand the distribution of endemic arsenism in Shanxi Province and provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment. Methods According to the requirements of the “2009 Central Subsidy Scheme for Local Public Health Special Fund Shanxi Province Drinking Water endemic arsenism”, combined with the previous survey data, the drinking water arsenic content and drinking water of 45 villages in 8 counties (cities) and Exposed population incidence conducted a pull survey. Results Among the 45 villages, 21 were not changed into water villages, and 90 were collected, exceeding the standard of 46, exceeding the standard rate of 51.11%. The over-standard of water arsenic was more serious with the highest reaching 0.870 0 mg / L; A total of 192 water samples were collected, exceeding the standard of 32 samples, the exceeding standard rate was 16.67%, the highest water arsenic content was 0.186 0 mg / L and the lowest was 0.000 5 mg / L. 400 people, the prevalence was 1.05% (400/38 232). 32 729 villagers in Shuishui Village were investigated. Among 101 villagers, there were 101 arsenic poisoning patients with a prevalence of 0.31% (101/32 729). According to the national arsenism 16 districts in 21 unmodified water areas were lightly ward and the remaining 5 villages were potential wards. 14 of the 24 villages that had been changed to water were light-ward and the remaining 10 villages were potential wards. The incidence rate increased with age, male and female prevalence of significant gender differences (χ2 = 13.093, P <0.01), women than men. Conclusion Although the over-standard rate of arsenic did not change in water-exposed villages, the arsenic content of individual villages in Qingshuai Village still exceeded the standards. Water arsenic did not reach the goal of water and arsenic removal. Arsenic water sources should be found or the later management and maintenance should be strengthened.