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甲状腺激素对哺乳类中枢神经系统的正常成长是不可缺少的。新生儿甲状腺机能减退可致人类和实验动物的生物形态学及功能的变态。严重的甲状腺激素过多的成年人显示震颤和情绪不稳定的特征,而慢性甲状腺激素不足的病人有时发生记忆的损害、耳聋、小脑性运动失调或甚至昏迷。这些明显的功能变态依赖于甲状腺激素这一点,显然这和甲状腺对新陈代谢过程,包括耗氧率的影响有关。像其它对甲状腺激素有反应的组织一样,在成年鼠的脑细胞内含有相当量的甲状腺激素和特异的甲状腺激素核的受体。
Thyroid hormones are essential for the normal growth of the mammalian central nervous system. Neonatal hypothyroidism can cause the morphological and functional abnormalities in humans and laboratory animals. Adults with severe thyroid hormone show signs of tremor and mood instability, whereas patients with chronic thyroid hormone sometimes suffer memory impairment, deafness, cerebellar ataxia or even coma. These obvious features depend on thyroid hormones, and it is clear that this is related to the effects of the thyroid on metabolic processes, including oxygen consumption. Like other tissue that responds to thyroid hormones, it contains considerable amounts of thyroid hormones and specific thyroid hormone receptors in brain cells of adult mice.