大血管的动脉粥样硬化是 2型糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因 ,且与血脂异常密切相关。因此 ,纠正糖尿病患者的血脂异常至关重要。1　血脂异常的特征2型糖尿病患者血脂异常的主要特征是甘油三酯 (TG)增高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL- C)降低。虽然低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL - C)正常或仅轻度增高 ,但其性质发生了某些改变 ,颗粒小且致密 ,称为小而密 L DL ,易被氧化、糖基化 ,对血管内皮有毒性作用 ,还可能促进血小板的聚集及凝血。有人发现 ,控制不佳的糖尿病患者由于长期处于高血糖状态 ,各类血浆脂蛋白均可发生不同程度的糖基化。这将加速脂蛋白的氧化 ,影响其在体内的代谢。有研究表明 ,L DL 的轻度糖基化即可降低其与受体的亲和力 ,导致清除减慢。极低密度脂蛋白(VL DL )和 HDL的糖基化可影响他们的功能 ,促进动脉粥样硬化的发生 Atherosclerosis of large blood vessels is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes and is closely linked to dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is important to correct the dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Characteristics of dyslipidemia The main features of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients are increased triglycerides (TG) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (L-DL-C) is normal or only slightly increased, some changes in its properties occur, with small and dense particles called small, dense DLD that are readily oxidized and glycosylated, Vascular endothelial toxicity, but also may promote platelet aggregation and coagulation. It was found that poorly controlled diabetic patients due to long-term hyperglycemia, various types of plasma lipoprotein can occur in varying degrees of glycosylation. This will accelerate the oxidation of lipoproteins, affecting their metabolism in the body. Studies have shown that mild glycosylation of LDL can reduce its affinity with the receptor, leading to slowing of clearance. Glycosylation of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VL DL) and HDL can affect their function and promote the development of atherosclerosis