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为明确黄淮海北部不同玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性的差异,为玉米籽粒熟期选择提供理论依据,以衡早8号玉米杂交种为材料,华美1号和郑单958为对照品种,研究灌浆过程中不同品种籽粒体积、水分含量、籽粒干质量以及灌浆特性的变化,并对产量构成因素进行了分析。结果显示,授粉后20 d是3个玉米品种籽粒体积快速增速期,在授粉后45 d左右3个玉米品种籽粒体积达到最大,衡早8号籽粒体积最大,郑单958最小。授粉15 d内3个玉米品种籽粒干质量增长较为缓慢,授粉15~55 d是籽粒干质量增长快速期,衡早8号籽粒干质量增长速度最快,郑单958最慢,授粉55 d后籽粒干质量增长速度开始放缓。3个玉米品种灌浆速率均呈单峰曲线,灌浆峰值衡早8号最高,郑单958最低。相关分析结果表明籽粒体积与含水量呈正相关,与含水率呈负相关,灌浆速率与含水量呈正相关。通过回归分析得出籽粒含水率在57%左右时3个玉米品种达到各自灌浆最高峰值。运用Logistic模拟方程拟合不同玉米品种的籽粒质量增加过程,衡早8号最大灌浆速率(G_(max))、平均灌浆速率(G_(mean))均高于其他2个品种;衡早8号活跃灌浆期、籽粒质量渐增期、快增期和缓增期均低于其他2个品种。3个玉米品种产量差异显著,千粒质量是产量差异的主要原因。衡早8号平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率均高于其他2个品种,活跃灌浆期则短于其他2个品种,有利于早熟高产。
In order to clarify the differences of grain-filling characteristics of different maize cultivars in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region and to provide a theoretical basis for the maturity of maize grains, we used the crossbred No.1 hybrids of early morning as the material, Huamei 1 and Zhengdan 958 as control materials, The changes of grain volume, water content, grain dry weight and grain filling characteristics of different varieties were analyzed, and the yield components were analyzed. The results showed that the grain volume of three maize varieties increased rapidly 20 d after pollination, and reached the maximum at about 45 d after pollination. The grain weight of Hengzao 8 was the largest, and that of Zhengdan 958 was the smallest. The dry weight of three maize cultivars increased more slowly within 15 days of pollination. The pollination of 15-55 days after pollination was the rapid growth of dry weight of grain, the dry weight of Hengzao8 was the fastest, the slowest of Zhengdan 958 and the pollination of 55 d Grain dry mass growth rate began to slow down. The filling rate of three maize cultivars showed a single peak curve, the peak value of grouting peak was highest on the 8th, Zheng 958 was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that grain volume was positively correlated with water content and negatively correlated with water content, and grain filling rate was positively correlated with water content. Regression analysis showed that when the grain moisture content was about 57%, the three corn varieties reached the highest peak of their respective grouting. Logistic equation was used to fit the grain quality increase of different maize varieties. The maximum filling rate (G_max) and average filling rate (G_ (mean)) of Hengzao 8 were higher than those of other two varieties. During the active filling stage, the grain quality gradually increased, the fast growing period and the slow growing period were lower than the other two varieties. The yield of three maize varieties was significantly different, and the quality of one thousand grains was the main reason for the difference in yield. The average filling rate and the maximum filling rate of Hengzao 8 were higher than those of the other two cultivars, while the active filling stage was shorter than the other two cultivars, which was good for early maturity and high yield.