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目的分析2004-2012年高州市狂犬病疫情以及狂犬病暴露人群特征,探讨适合高州市狂犬病防制策略。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对高州市2004-2012年狂犬病疫情及狂犬病暴露人群资料进行分析。结果 2004-2012年高州市狂犬病例共报告狂犬病例78例,各年发病呈上升后略有下降趋势,年均发病率为0.52/10万,性别以男性为主,占65.38%,职业以农民为主,占64.10%,犬伤所致占92.42%,仅有8例曾进行疫苗接种。狂犬病暴露处置门诊2004-2012年共处置狂犬病暴露人群18 977例,全程免疫接种者占77.01%,Ⅲ级暴露被动免疫制剂注射率为46.76%;伤人动物以犬为主,占79.58%。犬带毒率检测,200份脑组织及唾液腺全为阴性。结论农村、男性、农民、儿童等仍是狂犬病的高危人群,应继续加强对此地区和人群的健康教育,提高其防病知识和意识;针对伤人动物主要为犬,加强犬只的管理和免疫显得尤为重要;另外,采取有效措施,尽快降低疫苗和免疫球蛋白使用成本也是狂犬病防控的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of rabies in Gaozhou City from 2004 to 2012 and the characteristics of rabies exposed population and to explore the strategy of rabies prevention and control suitable for Gaozhou City. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of rabies epidemic and rabies exposed population in Gaozhou from 2004 to 2012. Results A total of 78 rabies cases were reported in Gaozhou City from 2004 to 2012, with a slight downward trend after the rise in each year with an annual average incidence of 0.52 / 100000. The prevalence of male was 65.38% Mainly accounted for 64.10%, caused by dog wound accounted for 92.42%, only 8 cases had been vaccinated. In rabies exposure and treatment clinics, a total of 18 977 cases of rabies exposure were treated in 2004-2012, 77.01% of them were immunized with whole-course immunization and 46.76% of them were immunized with Ⅲ-level passive immunization. The predators were mainly dogs, accounting for 79.58%. Canine venom test, 200 brain tissue and salivary glands were all negative. Conclusions The rural areas, men, peasants and children are still at high risk of rabies. We should continue to improve the health education in this area and people and increase their knowledge and awareness of disease prevention. In view of the fact that the animals mainly are dogs and strengthen the management of dogs, Immunization is particularly important; In addition, taking effective measures to reduce vaccine and immunoglobulin use costs as soon as possible is also the key to rabies prevention and control.