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目的了解三峡工程二期蓄水前重庆库区人群健康有关指标,并评价三峡水库蓄水后对卫生指标的影响。方法在重庆库区选择了7个区县14个沿江乡镇(办事处)设立监测点,按照统一方法进行人口资料、卫生资源、死因分析、法定传染病、地方病、病媒生物等进行同步监测。结果年均监测人口370469人,年均出生率为8.31‰,死亡率为5.66‰,婴儿死亡率11.90‰,人口自然增长年均率为2.67‰,人群期望寿命为74.89岁。居民死因前五位为循环系统、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统、意外死亡和消化系统疾病。甲乙类传染病发病率为447.64/10万～705.32/10万;地氟病仅见于奉节县,阳性率为33.50%;地方性甲状腺肿发病率年均为11.92%。健康人群出血热、钩体、乙脑抗体阳性率分别为1.93%、28.33%、32.76%。鼠密度平均为4.84%,室内为4.60%,室外为4.99%。鼠肺出血热带毒率为1.12%,鼠肾钩体带菌率为0.31%。人房蚊密度为49.35只/间·人工小时,畜圈为143.81只/间·人工小时。结论三峡库区主要死因是循环系统、肿瘤,传染病不再是人群死亡的主要原因,但历年的发病率比重庆市常规疫情高,地氟病仅见于奉节监测点,地甲病属中等偏低病区。每年有虫媒和自然疫源性疾病的散在发生。
Objective To understand the health indicators of people in Chongqing reservoir area before the second phase of the Three Gorges Project and to evaluate the impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir upon the health indicators. Methods 14 monitoring sites were set up in 14 counties and townships (offices) in 7 districts and counties in Chongqing. The data of population, health resources, cause of death, legal infectious diseases, endemic diseases and vector were monitored in a unified way. Results The average annual monitoring population was 370,469, with an average annual birth rate of 8.31 ‰, a mortality rate of 5.66 ‰ and an infant mortality rate of 11.90 ‰. The average annual natural population growth rate was 2.67 ‰, and the life expectancy of the population was 74.89 years. The top five death causes were circulatory, malignant, respiratory, accidental death and digestive diseases. The incidence of Class A and B infectious diseases was 447.64 / 100,000 to 705.32 / 100,000; the incidence of endemic fluorosis was only found in Fengjie County, the positive rate was 33.50%; the incidence of endemic goitre was 11.92% annually. The positive rates of hemorrhagic fever, leptospira and encephalitis B in healthy population were 1.93%, 28.33% and 32.76% respectively. The average rat density was 4.84%, indoors was 4.60% and outdoors was 4.99%. Rat lung hemorrhage tropical poisoning rate was 1.12%, rat kidney hook body carrier rate was 0.31%. People mosquito density of 49.35 / room · artificial hours, livestock for 143.81 / room · artificial hours. Conclusion The main causes of death in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are the circulatory system, tumor and infectious diseases, which are no longer the main cause of death in population. However, the incidence over the years is higher than that of conventional epidemic in Chongqing. Only endemic fluorosis is found in Fengjie monitoring site, Low ward. Every year there are scattered occurrences of zoonotic and natural foci of diseases.