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目的探讨帕金森病(PD)发病中黑质小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的变化。方法采用立体定向术将神经毒素6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)注入大鼠右侧黑质和内侧前脑束内,制备大鼠PD模型。将制模成功的16只PD大鼠随机分为2周和8周模型组,另6只正常大鼠作为对照组。观察各组大鼠黑质致密带内多巴胺(DA)能神经元、OX-42(小胶质细胞的特异性标志物)及神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP,星形胶质细胞的特异性标志物)阳性细胞的分布和形态变化。结果 2周和8周模型组损毁侧黑质致密部DA能神经元较健侧显著减少(P<0.01),损毁侧OX-42阳性细胞的数量较健侧明显增加(P<0.01),形态呈“阿米巴状”。损毁侧GFAP阳性细胞数量较健侧明显增加(P<0.01),突起变短,染色加深。2周模型组和8周模型组DA能神经元及两种胶质细胞的变化情况相似。结论 PD大鼠模型中存在着小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活,且两种胶质细胞的活化程度在PD发病过程中的不同时间无明显差别。
Objective To investigate the changes of nigral microglia and astrocyte in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods The rat PD model was prepared by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra and the medial forebrain bundle by stereotactic technique. Sixteen PD rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into 2 weeks and 8 weeks model group and 6 normal rats as control group. The dopaminergic neurons, OX-42 (microglial specific marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in rat substantia nigra compact zone Markers) positive cells in the distribution and morphological changes. Results Compared with the contralateral side, the number of DA neurons in the damaged substantia nigra pars compacta significantly decreased (P <0.01) and the number of OX-42 positive cells in the ruptured side increased significantly (P <0.01) at 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Was “” amoeba-like ". The number of GFAP positive cells on the damaged side was significantly higher than that on the contralateral side (P <0.01), and the protrusions became shorter and the staining deeper. The changes of DA neurons and glial cells in 2 weeks model group and 8 weeks model group were similar. Conclusion There is microglial and astrocyte activation in the PD rat model. There is no significant difference in the activation of the two glial cells between different stages of PD.