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几乎所有的发展中国家都具有以下共同特征:(1)生活水平过低,主要表现在人均国民收入低下、健康状况差、教育落后等方面;(2)科技落后、劳动生产力低;(3)人口增长过快;(4)失业、就业不足以及隐蔽失业问题十分严重;(5)农业占国民经济的主导地位,农村人口和劳动力占全国人口和劳动力的绝大多数;(6)出口以初级产品为主。这些基本特征决定了发展中国家的经济一般都存在着储蓄、财政收支、以及外汇短缺等三大缺口。
Almost all developing countries share the following common features: (1) living standards are too low, mainly due to the low per capita income, poor health and backward education; (2) the backward technology and low labor productivity; and (3) (4) Unemployment, underemployment and hidden unemployment are very serious; (5) Agriculture plays a dominant role in the national economy, with the rural population and labor force accounting for the vast majority of the country’s population and labor force; (6) Product-based. These basic characteristics determine that the economies of developing countries generally have three major shortfalls: savings, fiscal revenues and expenditures, and foreign exchange shortages.