对于新古典贸易理论的检验一直是国际经济学的一个重要研究内容,但是由于一个国家在封闭时期的数据很难获得,因此,对总体比较优势的直接检验存在着一定的困难。中国在鸦片战争之前的相对封闭状态和鸦片战争之后被迫全面开放的经历可以看作是从封闭经济到自由贸易的一个历史实验,本文利用这一时期的价格和贸易流量的数据对于比较优势理论进行实证检验,实证检验的结果充分说明了比较优势理论的有效性。 The test of the neoclassical trade theory has always been an important study in international economics. However, since the data of a country in the closed period is difficult to obtain, there is some difficulty in the direct test of the overall comparative advantage. China’s relatively closed status before the Opium War and its forced full liberalization after the Opium War can be regarded as a historical experiment from the closed economy to free trade. This article uses the data of prices and trade flows during this period to analyze the comparative advantage theory Conducting empirical tests, the results of empirical tests fully demonstrate the effectiveness of comparative advantage theory.