本文以银山铅锌矿为研究对象,土样采自三个不同功能区(主采矿区,酸性废水沟附近,农田土壤),每个功能区采集3个不同深度的剖面样品(0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm),利用内梅罗土壤综合污染指数法对土壤样品进行重金属污染评价。结果显示:主采矿区由于长期重金属开采污染情况较严重,内梅罗指数范围为3.75~6.17,达到了中度污染以上水平。其他地区污染相对较轻,除了农田土壤20~40 cm土样外,基本都处于轻度污染或安全水平。应用微量热法和脲酶相结合的方法对土壤中的微生物活性进行研究发现,微生物代谢活性受到土壤重金属污染的抑制,主采矿区土壤中总放热量Q和生长速率常数k均为三个地区最低。用SPSS软件进行相关性分析表明,生长速率常数k,总放热量Q与内梅罗指数有显著的相关性。生长速率常数k为微生物代谢中具有代表性的指标。 Taking Yinshan lead-zinc mine as the research object, the soil samples were collected from three different functional areas (the main mining area, the vicinity of the acidic wastewater ditch, and the soil of the farmland), and three functional samples of different depths (0-20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm respectively). The soil samples were evaluated for heavy metal pollution by Nemero’s comprehensive soil pollution index method. The results show that the main mining area is seriously polluted by long-term heavy metal mining, and the Nemerow index ranges from 3.75 to 6.17, reaching a level above moderate pollution. In other areas, the pollution is relatively light, except for the 20-40 cm soil samples in farmland, which are basically at light pollution or safety level. Microbial calorimetry and urease methods were used to study the activity of microorganisms in soil. The results showed that the metabolic activity of microorganisms was inhibited by heavy metal pollution in soil. The total exothermic amount Q and growth rate constant k in the soil of the main mining area were the lowest in the three areas . Correlation analysis using SPSS software showed that the growth rate constant k, total exothermic Q and Nemerow index have significant correlation. The growth rate constant k is a representative indicator of microbial metabolism.