目的探讨柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒感染与儿童急性白血病、过敏性紫癜、脊髓炎和川崎病等发生的关系。方法采用间接免疫荧光方法检测２５５例患儿血清和４７７例对照组血清柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒特异性ＩｇＭ抗体。结果３７例急性白血病患儿血清阳性率为１８９２％；７５例过敏性紫癜患儿血清阳性率为１０６７％；４１例脊髓炎患儿血清阳性率为１２２０％；５３例川崎病患儿血清阳性率为９４３％。４９例胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患儿血清阳性率为４０８％。４４７例对照组患儿血清阳性率为１３４％。除胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患儿外，其他实验组与对照组的检测结果经统计学分析，差异非常显著。结论柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒感染与儿童急性白血病、过敏性紫癜、脊髓炎和川崎病等的发生有关 Objective To investigate the relationship between Coxsackie B virus infection and childhood acute leukemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, myelitis and Kawasaki disease. Methods Serum Coxsackie B virus-specific IgM antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 255 children and 477 controls. Results The positive rate of serum in 37 children with acute leukemia was 1892%. The positive rate of serum in 75 children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura was 1067%. The positive rate of serum in 41 children with myelitis was 1220% The positive rate of sick children was 943%. 49 cases of insulin-dependent diabetes serum seropositivity rate was 4  08%. The positive rate of serum in 447 control children was 134%. Except for children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the test results of other experimental group and control group were statistically analyzed, the difference was significant. Conclusion Coxsackie B virus infection is associated with the occurrence of childhood acute leukemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, myelitis and Kawasaki disease