当前,随着人们对石油需求的增加,油井不得不向更深的方向进行采钻,这大大提升了钻井成本,传统钻井工艺已经无法满足勘探开发的需要。在这种形势下,激光钻井技术以具有高速度、低成本、高效率、高安全和低伤害等的钻井优势迅速发展起来。介绍了激光特性、激光钻井的原理和技术研究进展,阐述了激光钻井的优势,分析了激光钻井的关键技术,最后提出了激光钻井技术的未来主要发展方向。 At present, as the people’s demand for oil increases, oil wells have to drill deeper in the direction of exploration, which greatly increases the drilling cost and the traditional drilling technology can no longer meet the needs of exploration and development. Under such circumstances, laser drilling technology is rapidly developed with the advantages of drilling with high speed, low cost, high efficiency, high safety and low damage. The laser characteristics, laser drilling principle and technology research progress are introduced. The advantages of laser drilling are expounded. The key technologies of laser drilling are analyzed. Finally, the future development of laser drilling technology is proposed.