港口发展的绩效不仅决定于自然条件、地理区位、交通运输设施等客观的外在因素,更要取决于港口所实施的管理制度等主观的内生因素。本文以近代营口、大连、葫芦岛港的发展历史比较为例,划分出商人治理、殖民企业垄断、政府主导三种类型的港口开发及运营模式,进而又总结了各种模式的利弊意义,以资垂鉴。 The performance of port development depends not only on the objective external factors such as natural conditions, geographical location and transportation facilities, but also on the subjective endogenous factors such as the management system implemented at the port. Taking the comparative history of Yingkou, Dalian and Huludao in modern times as an example, this paper divides into three types of port development and operation modes: merchant management, colonial monopoly and government, and then summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various modes Succeeding.