“知己知彼,百战不殆。”这是古人们总结下来的经验。在现代教育中也是同样适用的。在教学中,“彼”指的是学生,教师可以通过课外的调查或者是接触,从而了解学生的学习状况。而后再根据学生的状况制订有效的学习方案。这样的课堂才可能是有效的课堂,才可能是理想的课堂,学生才能获得可持续的发展。 “Know your enemy, know yourself. ” This is the ancient people concluded the experience. The same applies to modern education. In teaching, “” refers to the students, teachers through extracurricular investigation or contact, so as to understand the learning situation of students. Then according to the situation of students to develop effective learning programs. Such a classroom can be an effective classroom and can be an ideal classroom for students to achieve sustainable development.