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资本主义劳动优化的历史就是资本主义提高对工人剥削的历史。在《资本论》第1卷中,马克思用了大量篇幅来阐述资本家提高剩余价值的方法。有趣的是,弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒(Frederick Winslow Taylor)正是从马克思的这些思想出发,只不过用它来为资本家服务。他将工人的劳动分解为不同的作业(正如在他之前人们对制造业的劳动进行划分一样),又将这些作业分解为不同的动作,并对每一个动作进行分析。之后,他将每一个动作花费的时间划分为三类,这种划分对每一次劳动优化都是必需的。泰勒划分的这三类时间是:
The history of the optimization of capitalist labor is the history of capitalism’s exploitation of workers. In Volume 1 of Capital, Marx devotes a great deal of space to explaining the ways in which capitalists raise their surplus value. Interestingly, Frederick Winslow Taylor started from these Marxist ideas and used it only to serve the capitalist. He breaks down the workers’ work into different assignments (just as before, the division of labor in manufacturing), breaks down the assignments into different actions, and analyzes each and every one of them. After that, he divided the time spent in each action into three categories. This division was necessary for every labor optimization. Taylor classified these three types of time is: