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原始积累时期是殖民史上一特殊阶段。和自由资本主义、垄断资本主义时期不同,作为时代代表的商人资本,“在封建生产的最初变革时期,即近代生产发生时期,曾发生过压倒一切的影响”。垄断性的商人公司扮演着主要角色,享有支配性影响,这必然使这一时期的殖民活动,无不打上商人资本独立活动的特殊烙印,并强烈地反映出商人资本独特的利益与要求。在这一方面,英国东印度公司具有着典型意义,它有助于揭示这一阶段殖民活动的一般规律与特征。 1813年的立法,结束了公司垄断印度贸易的历史。这标志着工业革命后发展起来的产业资本,在殖民活动中也已压倒了以公司为代表的商人资本,从而,不仅改变了英国殖民活动的性质与内容,也改变了印度在英国殖民史上的地位与作用。因此,本文探讨的下限也只能定在1813年。
The primitive accumulation period is a special stage in colonial history. Different from free capitalism and monopoly capitalism, merchant capital, as the representative of the times, “had an overriding influence during the first revolution of feudal production, that of modern production.” The monopoly businessman company plays a major role and enjoys the dominant influence. This will inevitably make the colonial activities of this period be marked with a special mark of the independent activities of merchant capital and strongly reflect the unique interests and requirements of merchant capital. In this respect, the British East India Company has a typical meaning and helps to reveal the general laws and characteristics of colonial activities during this period. The 1813 legislation ended the company’s history of monopolizing Indian trade. This marked the industrial capital developed after the industrial revolution. In the colonial activities, it also overwhelmed the capital of businessmen represented by the company. As a result, it not only changed the nature and content of British colonial activities, but also changed India’s colonial history in England Status and role. Therefore, the lower limit of this paper can only be set in 1813.