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第八章 “分子运动论、热和功” 从本章起开始学习热学和分子物理。在这一章里,首先学习分子运动论的知识,再在这个基础上去研究热现象的本质、热和功的关系,最后学习包括热现象在内的普遍的能量转化和守恒定律。这些内容中,分子运动和热现象的知识为以后两章的学习准备了基础,能量转化和守恒定律是支配整个自然界的基本规律,是进一步学习物理学不可缺少的知识。所以本章教材在中学物理课中占有相当重要的地位。本章教材,以定性讨论为主。但是,由于讨论的是看不见、摸不着的微观粒子——分子的运动,学生会感到抽象,学习时会有一定的困难。因此,在教学中应该多采用通俗、形象的讲授方法,多做一些演示,尽量减少学习的困难。
Chapter VIII “Molecular Kinematics, Heat and Work” From this chapter, we will begin to learn about thermal and molecular physics. In this chapter, first of all, learn the knowledge of molecular movement theory, and then on this basis to study the nature of heat phenomena, the relationship between heat and work, and finally learn the universal energy conversion and conservation laws including thermal phenomena. Among these, the knowledge of molecular movement and thermal phenomena prepares the foundation for the study of the next two chapters. The law of energy conversion and conservation is the basic rule governing the whole natural world, and it is an indispensable knowledge for further studying physics. Therefore, the teaching materials in this chapter occupy a very important position in the middle school physics class. The textbooks in this chapter mainly focus on qualitative discussions. However, because the discussion is invisible, intangible microscopic particles - the movement of molecules, students will feel abstract, learning will have certain difficulties. Therefore, in the teaching, we should adopt more popular and vivid teaching methods and do more demonstrations to minimize learning difficulties.