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目的:在等位酶水平上对蒙古扁桃4个不同野生居群的遗传多样性进行分析。方法:采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术。结果:多态位点百分率P=77.78%,等位基因平均数A=1.7916,平均观察杂合度(Ho)=0.4009,平均期望杂合度(He)=0.4898;蒙古扁桃居群间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.0693,说明其6.93%的遗传变异来自于居群间;基于遗传分化系数计算的基因流(Nm)为3.3576,说明居群间存在适度的基因流;固定系数(F)为0.0896,显示蒙古扁桃居群纯合体轻微过量,杂合体略显不足。结论:蒙古扁桃种群仍具有较高的遗传多样性并且在适宜的生境中可以完成自然更新,应采取就地保护的保育措施。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic diversity of 4 wild populations of Almond (Prunus mongolica) at the allozyme level. Methods: The polyacrylamide gel vertical plate electrophoresis technique. Results: The percentage of polymorphic loci was 77.78%, the allele average was A = 1.7916, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.4009, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.4898. The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.0693, indicating that 6.93% of the genetic variation came from among populations. The gene flow (Nm) calculated based on genetic differentiation coefficient was 3.3576, indicating that there was a moderate gene flow among populations. The coefficient of determination (F) was 0.0896 , Showing a slight overgrowth of homozygous populations of Mongolian almond trees and a slight lack of hybrids. CONCLUSION: Almond tree populations in Mongolia still have high genetic diversity and can be naturally regenerated in suitable habitats. Conservation measures in situ should be taken.