涎石病是涎腺常见的疾病,主要累及大涎腺。当腺体发生涎石阻塞时,会出现与进食相关的肿胀、疼痛等症状。随着内窥镜技术的发展,可以对涎石进行直视下的诊断和治疗,创伤也更小。但是关于涎石的病因学及确切的形成机制目前尚不明确,本文就涎腺结石形成的过程及机制进行综述。结石通常是由矿化的内核及外周层状结构所构成。机体在刺激因素作用下,引起一系列的免疫应答,导致了腺管收缩和涎液滞留等,激化了涎石的形成。这个过程中,多重因素可以影响涎石的形成;包括分泌的紊乱(微小结石的形成、涎腺导管缩窄阻塞和导管的解剖异常)和涎液成分的改变(钙化物的过饱和状态、结晶抑制剂的缺乏、pH值的变化以及细菌与蛋白酶成分的改变)。 Salivary stone disease is a common salivary disease, mainly involving the large salivary gland. When the gland occlusion occurs when the salivary glands, there will be swollen, pain and other symptoms associated with eating. With the development of endoscopic technology, salivary stones can be under direct vision diagnosis and treatment, trauma is also smaller. However, the etiology of salivary stone and the exact mechanism of formation is not yet clear, the process and mechanism of salivary gland stones formation are reviewed in this paper. Stone is usually composed of mineralized core and the outer layer structure. The body under the stimulus, causing a series of immune response, resulting in contraction of the duct and salivary fluid retention, intensified salivary stone formation. In this process, multiple factors can affect the formation of salivary stone; including the secretion disorder (formation of microlithiasis, occlusion of the salivary gland duct and dissection of the duct) and salivary fluid composition (supersaturation of the calcification, crystallization Lack of inhibitors, changes in pH, and changes in bacterial and protease components).