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目的分析儿童接种1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗后抗体水平随免后时间变化的趋势,为水痘疫苗免疫程序的修订提供参考。方法采用回顾性调查方法,通过广东省免疫规划监测信息管理系统核实1~14岁儿童,水痘疫苗接种信息。对其中有明确免疫史的标本检测水痘抗体,分析水痘疫苗免疫持久性。结果 1~14岁的588名健康儿童中,有水痘疫苗接种史的99名,无免疫史的31名。水痘抗体浓度随免后时间延长呈现下降趋势,两者呈负相关(偏相关系数为-0.386,P值<0.001)。免后1年内抗体阳性率为100.00%,免后13~18月下降到92.86%,免后3年以上则阳性率仅为48.28%。免后1年水痘抗体浓度中位数最高为523.30 m IU/ml,至免后3年以上下降至98.00 m IU/ml。结论 1剂次水痘疫苗接种2年后,疫苗的保护效果欠佳,可以考虑此时进行加强免疫,以期有效地控制水痘暴发疫情的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tendency of antibody levels in children vaccinated with attenuated live attenuated varicella (DVV) after one dose of varicella plus vaccine, and to provide a reference for the revision of varicella vaccine immunization program. Methods A retrospective survey method was used to verify the information of children vaccinated with chickenpox from 1 to 14 years old through the Guangdong Provincial Immunization Program Monitoring Information Management System. Specimens with a clear history of immunization were tested for varicella antibodies, and the varicella vaccine immune persistence was analyzed. Results Of the 588 healthy children aged 1 to 14 years, there were 99 cases of varicella vaccination and 31 without immunization. The antibody concentration of chickenpox showed a downward trend with the extension of post-nocturnal time, the two showed a negative correlation (partial correlation coefficient -0.386, P <0.001). The positive rate of antibody was 100.00% within 1 year after the immunization, 92.86% from 13 to 18 months after the immunization, and only 48.28% after 3 years. The highest median concentration of varicella antibody was 523.30 m IU / ml at 1 year after immunization, but dropped to 98.00 m IU / ml after more than 3 years. Conclusions After 2 doses of varicella vaccine for 2 years, the protective effect of the vaccine is not good. We may consider strengthening the vaccination at this time so as to effectively control the outbreak of varicella.