学习第二语言的中级和高级学生,已经掌握了足够的所学第二语言,他们能够从多种不同的传授方式(其中有些方式下面将要谈到)中,掌握生词和短语的意义。然而在初级阶段,传达词义的方法受到学习者十分有限的第二语言知识的限制。这种限制只能逐渐减缓。布龙菲尔德列举词义传达的三种方法:演示,迂回说法(或者释义,定义或者描述)和翻译。要在这三种方法中加以选择,就牵涉很多因素。这在下面讨论中将要谈到。 Secondary and advanced students who have studied a second language have mastered enough of the second language they have learned to understand the meaning of new words and phrases in many different ways of teaching, some of which are described below. However, at the initial stage, the way to convey meaning is limited by the learner’s limited second language knowledge. This restriction can only gradually slow down. Bloomfield enumerates three ways of conveying meaning: demonstration, circuitous (or paraphrase, definition or description), and translation. There are many factors involved in choosing among these three methods. This is discussed in the following discussion.