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The last two decades of the 21st century have seen emerging zoonotic coronavirus(CoV)diseases,including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)(Holmes 2003),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)(Graham et al.,2013)and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)(Jiang et al.,2020),all posing a devastating threat to global public health and economy.Human common coronavirus 229E(HCoV-229E),HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 can cause upper respiratory infection in adults and children,even leading to fatal diseases(Morfopoulou et al.,2016;Konca et al,2017;Veiga et al.,2020).Moreover,recent studies suggested that some bat-derived SARS-related coron-aviruses(SARSr-CoVs)have the potential to cause new CoV diseases in the future(Cui et al.,2019).This calls for the development of pan-CoV inhibitors to combat both cur-rent and future pandemics or epidemics of CoV diseases.