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本文针对室内结构模型试验适用的微型应力计的设计、制作及其应用进行了初步的探讨。为了尽可能准确地量测内部应力,所设计的应力计应该满足一定的刚度匹配条件,即(E′)/(E_0)·(E′)/(E_0)·(E_0)/(E′)=1。但是,石膏材料是一种可变性材料,很难做到刚度完全匹配。因此,采取结构设计的方法以减小这种刚度不完全匹配所引起的误差由设计的Ⅰ和Ⅱ两种型式的应力计进行了静荷载作用下的各种试验研究,包括有在空气和介质中的标定试验及埋置在石膏材料中的均匀受压、受拉试验。在三轴压力及持续荷载作用下应力计的性能也进行了试验研究。结果表明,文中所研制的微型应力计可以满足技术条件的大部分要求,不仅能够满意地量测出结构内部的压应力,而且还可以量测出拉应力,其误差不超过±5%。
In this paper, the design, fabrication and application of miniature stress gauges suitable for indoor structural model test are discussed. In order to measure the internal stress as accurately as possible, the designed stress meter should meet certain stiffness matching conditions, namely (E ’) / (E_0) · (E’) / (E_0) · (E_0) / (E ’ = 1. However, gypsum material is a variable material, it is difficult to achieve a perfect match stiffness. Therefore, the structural design method is adopted to reduce the error caused by incomplete stiffness matching. Various experimental studies under static load have been carried out by the designed type I and type II strain gauges, including those in air and medium In the calibration test and embedded in the gypsum material in the uniform pressure, tension test. Under triaxial compression and continuous load, the performance of stress gauge has also been experimentally studied. The results show that the miniature stress gauge developed in this paper can meet most of the technical requirements. It not only can measure the compressive stress within the structure satisfactorily, but also can measure the tensile stress with the error less than ± 5%.