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视网膜缺血性疾病,如视网膜血管阻塞、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼等是导致成人视力下降的常见原因之一,目前尚无安全、有效的治疗措施.缺血适应是一种内源性保护措施,其保护作用已在防治心脑血管疾病等方面的研究中得到证实.缺血适应可以通过多种途径启动内源性神经保护机制来减轻视网膜的缺血—再灌注损伤,提高视网膜对缺血的耐受性,保护视网膜神经节细胞、视盘结构和功能免受青光眼的损害,阻止糖尿病视网膜病变的进展.本文从缺血适应的概念、对视网膜的保护作用以及相关机制等方面的研究展开综述,为未来缺血适应在视网膜缺血性疾病方面的基础研究向临床转化提供理论和实验依据.“,”Retinal ischemic diseases,such as retinal vascular obstruction,diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,and retinopathy of prematurity,are one of the common causes of visual loss.However,there are no safe and effective treatments at present.Ischemic conditioning is an endogenous protective measure,of which protection in the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been confirmed.Ischemic conditioning can initiate endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms to reduce retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,improve retinal tolerance to ischemia,protect retinal ganglion cells,optic disc structure and function from glaucoma,and prevent the progress of diabetic retinopathy in a variety of ways.This article summarized the research from the aspects of the conception,the protective effect on retinal and related mechanism of ischemic conditioning,which provide basic research transferring to clinical research of ischemic conditioning on retinal ischemic diseases in future for the theoretical and experimental proofs.