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目的了解美沙酮维持治疗患者基本情况及对艾滋病、美沙酮相关知识的知晓状况,为开展以美沙酮门诊为平台的艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 2012年1—6月在西安市新城区最早开设的一家美沙酮维持治疗门诊对美沙酮维持治疗的受治者进行艾滋病及美沙酮相关知识知晓率调查,并对其影响接受人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体检测和尿检结果的因素进行分析。结果受治者以40~50岁的青壮年为主,占66.5%;初中文化程度者居多,占41.1%;尿检阳性率为10.2%,不同文化程度者阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受治者对艾滋病防治知识回答的正确率平均为76.7%,对美沙酮相关知识回答的平均正确率为87.0%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,未婚和同居者为接受HIV抗体检测的影响因素。结论美沙酮门诊受治者对艾滋病知识的知晓率比对美沙酮相关知识的知晓率低,应在今后的艾滋病宣传教育中针对薄弱环节重点加强。通过美沙酮维持治疗门诊能够促进受治者艾滋病高危行为的改变,进而有效地控制吸毒人群中的艾滋病疫情发展。
Objective To understand the basic situation of patients with methadone maintenance therapy and AIDS-related knowledge of methadone status, to provide methadone clinics as a platform for AIDS prevention and control strategies to provide a scientific basis. Methods From January to June 2012, a methadone maintenance treatment clinic was first opened in Xincheng District, Xi’an City to investigate AIDS-related and methadone-related knowledge of methadone-treated subjects and influence its impact on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody tests and urinalysis results were analyzed. Results The subjects were mainly young adults aged 40-50 years old, accounting for 66.5% of the total. The majority of junior high school students accounted for 41.1%. The positive rate of urine test was 10.2%. There was significant difference in the positive rates among different educational levels (P < 0.05). The correct rate of respondents on AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge was 76.7% on average, and the average correct rate of response to methadone knowledge was 87.0%. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried and cohabitants were the influencing factors of HIV antibody testing. Conclusions The rate of awareness of HIV / AIDS knowledge among methadone outpatients is lower than that of methadone-related knowledge and should be emphasized in the future HIV / AIDS publicity and education. Methadone maintenance treatment clinics can promote changes in the behavior of HIV-infected people at high risk and effectively control the HIV / AIDS epidemic among drug users.