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我国拆船业始于20世纪60年代,并在80年代伴随着改革开放得到蓬勃发展。近20年来,拆船业得到历任国家领导的重视与支持。1983年,拆船企业获得免税、免息的优惠政策。1986年,李鹏总理指出,支持拆船业是我国一项长期政策,而非权宜之计。1998年至今,经国务院总理朱镕基、副总理李岚清、吴邦国批准,拆船企业已连续六年享受“先片后返”的优惠政策。正是由于产业政策的扶持,我国拆船业目前已基本实现由粗放经营到集约经营的转变,并初步形成了珠江三角洲和长江三角洲两大拆解基地,年拆解能力已达150～200万轻吨,位居世界先进行列。 然而,拆船业的发展过程并非一帆风顺。由于大环境的影响以及税收政策的波动,拆船业也曾历经两起两落。历史的教训是深刻的,在成就辉煌的今天,我们不得不居安思危,为拆船业的持续发展出谋划策。
China’s ship recycling industry began in the 1960s and was booming along with the reform and opening up in the 1980s. In the past two decades, the ship recycling industry has received the attention and support of previous state leaders. In 1983, recycling companies get tax-free, interest-free preferential policies. In 1986, Premier Li Peng pointed out that supporting the ship recycling industry is a long-term policy of our country, not an expedient measure. Since 1998, with the approval of Premier Zhu Rongji and vice premiers Li Lanqing and Wu Bangguo, the ship recycling companies have enjoyed the preferential policy of “returning from the first chip” for six years in a row. It is precisely because of the support of industrial policies that China’s ship-breaking industry has basically realized the transformation from extensive operation to intensive operation and has initially formed two major dismantling bases in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta with an annual dismantling capacity of between 1.5 and 2 million Light tons, ranking the world’s advanced ranks. However, the development of the shipbreaking industry is not always easy. Due to the impact of the environment and the fluctuation of tax policies, the ship recycling industry has gone through two periods of decline. The lessons of history are profound. Today, with brilliant achievements, we have to make preparations for the sustainable development of the shipbreaking industry in peace time.