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利用非参数Mamquist指数方法分析了改革开放以来我国乡镇企业的全要素生产率(TFP)增长的时空特征。结果表明:1978年以来,乡镇企业TFP的年均增长率为4.8%,并且呈现出显著的阶段性变化和地区差异特征。从时间上来看,除了整顿提高阶段和调整创新阶段TFP的增长率为负以外,其他阶段TFP均实现了增长,并且表现为要素投入驱动和生产率提升双重驱动的特点,其中要素投入对经济增长的平均贡献占主体;从三大地带来看,乡镇企业TFP从东向西渐次降低;从八大综合经济区来看,北部和东部沿海综合经济区的乡镇企业TFP增长率最高,东北和长江中游综合经济区次之,其他四个综合经济地区相对较低。
The non-parametric Mamquist index method is used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of total factor productivity (TFP) growth of township and village enterprises in our country since the reform and opening up. The results show that since 1978, the average annual growth rate of TFP in township and village enterprises is 4.8%, showing significant stage changes and regional differences. From the time point of view, in addition to rectifying and improving the stage of innovation and TFP growth rate is negative, the other stages of TFP have achieved growth, and performance-driven inputs and productivity-driven dual-driven features, including investment in economic growth From the perspective of the three major regions, the TFP of township and village enterprises gradually decreases from east to west; from the perspective of the eight major integrated economic zones, the TFP of the township and town enterprises in the northern and eastern coastal economic zones has the highest growth rate while that of the northeast and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Economic zone second, the other four comprehensive economic areas are relatively low.