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摩苏尔大坝是一座多用途填土坝,长3.4 km,高113 m,库容11.11 km3,死库容2.95 km3。大坝位于伊拉克北部的底格里斯河,距离摩苏尔城西北约60 km。大坝建在熔岩高度岩溶的石膏、泥岩和石灰岩床上。大坝于1986年开始运行,从那时,由于石膏床溶解、存在岩溶作用、以及地下水的影响,渗流问题就开始显现了。为停止渗流,确保大坝的稳定,防渗灌浆的方案一直未停止。2014年,ISIS占领了大坝地区,停止了灌浆作业,情况恶化。对近期状况的评估表明,大坝有随时溃坝风险。一旦溃坝,将有600万人受灾、7 202 km2的土地被淹没。为了阻止这场灾难,灌浆作业应该继续进行,以延长大坝寿命。水库内水位应保持低位,以减少溃坝造成的危害。作为永久解决方案,应在摩苏尔大坝下游建造另一座大坝,以抵挡摩苏尔溃坝的下泄洪水。
The Mosul Dam is a multipurpose earth-fill dam measuring 3.4 km long and 113 m high with 11.11 km3 of storage capacity and 2.95 km3 of dead storage. The dam is located in the Tigris River in northern Iraq about 60 km northwest of Mosul. The dam was built on highly karst gypsum, mudstone and limestone beds in lava. The dam started operation in 1986, and from then on seepage problems began to emerge due to dissolution of gypsum beds, karstification and the impact of groundwater. To stop seepage, to ensure the stability of the dam, anti-seepage grouting program has not stopped. In 2014, ISIS occupied the dam area, stopped the grouting operation and the situation deteriorated. An assessment of recent conditions shows that there is a risk of the dam breaking the dam at any time. In the event of a dam break, 6 million people will be affected and 7 202 km2 of land will be flooded. In order to stop this disaster, grouting operations should continue to extend the life of the dam. Reservoir water level should be kept low to reduce the damage caused by dam failure. As a permanent solution, another dam should be constructed downstream of the Mosul Dam to withstand the flood of Mosul dams.