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二.基因如何控制性状? 上面已经談到,摩尔根本人承认基因与其最后产物——性状的联系还有待于研究,这方面知識的貧乏,并不說明它对遺传学不重要。基因論提出以后三十多年当中,在这方面的进展还是不大的。正因如前一节所述,“基因是什么”这个根本問题既未解决,对于基因如何起作用当然也就沒有确定的统一认识。基因本身是不可能加以直接研究的,因而只有从一定的发育現象——所謂基因效应中加以推測,到目前为止,只有所謂生化遺传学的资料仿佛说明基因的作用是控制特定的酶的合成,但这种解释还未能与細胞学、生理学的基因概念统一起来。“遺传与代謝”的作者屡次指出:基因作用的最初产物或基因作用的初始阶段目前还不明了。
How genes control traits? As mentioned above, it has been said that Morgan’s own recognition of the link between the gene and its eventual product-trait remains to be seen. The paucity of knowledge in this respect does not mean that it is immaterial to genetics. In the thirty years after the gene theory was put forward, progress in this area is still modest. It is precisely because the fundamental problem of “what is the gene” is not solved as described in the previous section, of course, there is no definite unified understanding of how the gene works. It is impossible to directly study the gene itself, so only from a certain development phenomenon - the so-called gene effect to speculate, so far, only the so-called biochemical genetics data seems to indicate that the role of genes is to control the synthesis of specific enzymes , But this explanation has not been unified with the concept of cytology and physiology. The authors of “Genetics and Metabolism” have repeatedly pointed out: The initial product of gene function or the initial stage of gene function is not yet clear.