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动词原形在词尾加上ing,我们称之为动名词或现在分词。动名词或动名词短语具有名词的特征,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语或定语。本文将着眼于动名词作宾语时的需要注意的事项。
一、动名词前面常加上一个名词或物主代词,作为自己的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作宾语,作宾语时(尤其在口语中)可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格加上动名词的形式。
Would you mind me/my smoking here?
你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?
Lucy’s parents insisted on Jim’s going to the park with them.
露西的父母坚持要求吉姆和他们一起去公园。
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
她被某个人在外面大喊大叫吵醒。
二、有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,如allow, admit, consider, avoid, enjoy, resist, escape, forbid, risk, imagine, practise, suggest, appreciate, deny等。
He didn’t want to risk getting wet as he had only one suit.
他不想冒险把衣服淋湿,因为他只有一套衣服。
We don’t allow smoking in our house.
我们家里不容许抽烟。
One cannot help being old, but one can resist being aged.
一个人无法不变老,但是他可以抵抗衰朽。
三、有些动词后面既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:attempt,begin,cease,continue,intend,start,cannot bear,decline。
有些动词后接不定式和动名词的含义略有不同。用不定式作宾语时,表示一次性的动作,用动名词则表示一般的、习惯性行为。常这样用的动词有:love, like, prefer, hate等。
有些动词和动词短语后面接不定式和接动名词意义差别很大。这样的动词有:forget to do(忘记去做某事),forget doing(忘记做过某事);mean to do(打算做某事),mean doing(意味着);can’t help to do(不能帮助做某事),can’t help doing(情不自禁做某事);go on to do(接着做另一件事),go on doing(接着做同一件事)等。
Prices will continue to rise/rising.
价格将持续上涨。
It is time for our computers to begin to shoulder/shouldering more of the burden of work in our day-to-day activities.
在日常活动中,我们的计算机应该开始肩负起更多的责任。
He likes playing basketball.
她喜欢打篮球。(爱好)
We don’t like to play basketball today.
我们今天不想打篮球。(指今天的活动)
I prefer walking alone.
我比较喜欢一个人溜达。(一种习惯)
I would prefer to hear no more gossip of any kind.
我希望不要再向我唠叨这种闲言碎语。(具体的某次讲话)
Don’t take it too much to heart. She didn’t mean to hurt you.
不要往心里去,她不是有意要伤害你的。
Independence does not mean shutting the door on the world, nor does self-reliance mean blind opposition to everything foreign.
独立自主不是闭关自守,自力更生不是盲目排外。
四、动名词作宾语时在语态上有主动语态和被动语态,在时态上有一般式和完成式(即doing, being done, having done, having been done)。
I also remember being told about the moon cycle. (动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。)
He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,其否定形式是在doing前加上not。)
在表示“需要”“值得”的动词,如need,want,require,deserve等之后,可用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义,在意义上它相当于不定式的被动语态。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
凡是值得做的事情,都值得好好去做。(谚语) This letter needs signing by the manager.
= This letter needs to be signed by the manager.
这封信需要经理签字。
五、动名词可作介词的宾语,用在介词、一些固定的短语或句型结构后,也可和某些介词一道用作状语,如be fond of, be interested in, give up, before, after, what about,there is no sense in doing等。
I’m thinking of going to Beijing.
我正想着要去北京。
Give me a phone call before leaving home.
在离家之前给我打个电话。
There is no use complaining about your life.
抱怨你的生活没有用。
Tom will give up smoking? Yes, and pigs might fly!
汤姆戒烟?嘿,能有这种事儿!
1. The song is more than once. (listen)
这首歌很值得多听几遍。
2. A young servant named Rose was hanged after setting fire to her boss’s house.(accuse)
一名叫露丝的服务员被控对老板的房子纵火,之后被处以绞刑。
3. Have you ever heard of ?(practise)
你听说过妇女练拳击吗?
4. In some parts of London, missing a bus means . (wait)
在伦敦的一些地方,错过了一辆车意味着要再等一小时。
5. I am very pleased at . (honour)
我很高兴你能获得奖牌。
6. He appreciated to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. (give)
他得到一个在比较文学年度讨论会上宣读论文的机会,他对此表示感激。
7. It’s no good . He is always indifferent towards others’ matters. (turn)
向他求助没有用,他对别人的事总是漠不关心。
8. In order to by the car, he had to make a sharp turn. (avoid)
为免撞上那辆车,他不得不急转弯。
9. Victor apologized for his , inform me of the change in the plan beforehand. (able)
维克多为他没能提前通知我计划有变化而道歉。
10. Can you imagine him causing such a big loss to the company? (get)
你能想象在给公司造成这么大得损失之后他没有受到惩罚吗?
1. is well worth listening to
2. being accused of
3. women practising boxing
4. waiting for another hour
5. your having been honoured with a medal
6. having been given the chance
7. turning to him
8. avoid being hit
9. not being able to
10. getting away with
一、动名词前面常加上一个名词或物主代词,作为自己的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作宾语,作宾语时(尤其在口语中)可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格加上动名词的形式。
Would you mind me/my smoking here?
你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?
Lucy’s parents insisted on Jim’s going to the park with them.
露西的父母坚持要求吉姆和他们一起去公园。
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
她被某个人在外面大喊大叫吵醒。
二、有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,如allow, admit, consider, avoid, enjoy, resist, escape, forbid, risk, imagine, practise, suggest, appreciate, deny等。
He didn’t want to risk getting wet as he had only one suit.
他不想冒险把衣服淋湿,因为他只有一套衣服。
We don’t allow smoking in our house.
我们家里不容许抽烟。
One cannot help being old, but one can resist being aged.
一个人无法不变老,但是他可以抵抗衰朽。
三、有些动词后面既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:attempt,begin,cease,continue,intend,start,cannot bear,decline。
有些动词后接不定式和动名词的含义略有不同。用不定式作宾语时,表示一次性的动作,用动名词则表示一般的、习惯性行为。常这样用的动词有:love, like, prefer, hate等。
有些动词和动词短语后面接不定式和接动名词意义差别很大。这样的动词有:forget to do(忘记去做某事),forget doing(忘记做过某事);mean to do(打算做某事),mean doing(意味着);can’t help to do(不能帮助做某事),can’t help doing(情不自禁做某事);go on to do(接着做另一件事),go on doing(接着做同一件事)等。
Prices will continue to rise/rising.
价格将持续上涨。
It is time for our computers to begin to shoulder/shouldering more of the burden of work in our day-to-day activities.
在日常活动中,我们的计算机应该开始肩负起更多的责任。
He likes playing basketball.
她喜欢打篮球。(爱好)
We don’t like to play basketball today.
我们今天不想打篮球。(指今天的活动)
I prefer walking alone.
我比较喜欢一个人溜达。(一种习惯)
I would prefer to hear no more gossip of any kind.
我希望不要再向我唠叨这种闲言碎语。(具体的某次讲话)
Don’t take it too much to heart. She didn’t mean to hurt you.
不要往心里去,她不是有意要伤害你的。
Independence does not mean shutting the door on the world, nor does self-reliance mean blind opposition to everything foreign.
独立自主不是闭关自守,自力更生不是盲目排外。
四、动名词作宾语时在语态上有主动语态和被动语态,在时态上有一般式和完成式(即doing, being done, having done, having been done)。
I also remember being told about the moon cycle. (动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。)
He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,其否定形式是在doing前加上not。)
在表示“需要”“值得”的动词,如need,want,require,deserve等之后,可用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义,在意义上它相当于不定式的被动语态。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
凡是值得做的事情,都值得好好去做。(谚语) This letter needs signing by the manager.
= This letter needs to be signed by the manager.
这封信需要经理签字。
五、动名词可作介词的宾语,用在介词、一些固定的短语或句型结构后,也可和某些介词一道用作状语,如be fond of, be interested in, give up, before, after, what about,there is no sense in doing等。
I’m thinking of going to Beijing.
我正想着要去北京。
Give me a phone call before leaving home.
在离家之前给我打个电话。
There is no use complaining about your life.
抱怨你的生活没有用。
Tom will give up smoking? Yes, and pigs might fly!
汤姆戒烟?嘿,能有这种事儿!
1. The song is more than once. (listen)
这首歌很值得多听几遍。
2. A young servant named Rose was hanged after setting fire to her boss’s house.(accuse)
一名叫露丝的服务员被控对老板的房子纵火,之后被处以绞刑。
3. Have you ever heard of ?(practise)
你听说过妇女练拳击吗?
4. In some parts of London, missing a bus means . (wait)
在伦敦的一些地方,错过了一辆车意味着要再等一小时。
5. I am very pleased at . (honour)
我很高兴你能获得奖牌。
6. He appreciated to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature. (give)
他得到一个在比较文学年度讨论会上宣读论文的机会,他对此表示感激。
7. It’s no good . He is always indifferent towards others’ matters. (turn)
向他求助没有用,他对别人的事总是漠不关心。
8. In order to by the car, he had to make a sharp turn. (avoid)
为免撞上那辆车,他不得不急转弯。
9. Victor apologized for his , inform me of the change in the plan beforehand. (able)
维克多为他没能提前通知我计划有变化而道歉。
10. Can you imagine him causing such a big loss to the company? (get)
你能想象在给公司造成这么大得损失之后他没有受到惩罚吗?
1. is well worth listening to
2. being accused of
3. women practising boxing
4. waiting for another hour
5. your having been honoured with a medal
6. having been given the chance
7. turning to him
8. avoid being hit
9. not being able to
10. getting away with