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本文叙述了薄层活化技术在测量材料特别是钢铁因磨损及腐蚀连成的表面损失中的应用。活化层深度通常在30～300微米之间,该方法的灵敏度约为0.5微米。但是,也可产生薄至几微米和厚达30毫米的活化层,并在磨损过程中予以检测。计算了铁、铜、铝和碗等普通工业材料用各种带电柱子束辐照产生的放射性强度——深度分布情况。薄层活化技术适用于包含上述元素的一些材料和合成物如陶瓷与塑料,以及包括硅在内的许多其他元素,因而也适用于玻璃、搪瓷和磨料。薄层活化技术具有比其他磨损测量法(包括中子活化法)多得多的优点,它在钢轨、机床和塑料磨损性能研究方面的应用正在进行中。
This article describes the application of thin-film activation technology in the measurement of surface loss of materials, especially steel, due to wear and corrosion. The activation layer depth is usually 30 to 300 microns, the sensitivity of this method is about 0.5 microns. However, it is also possible to produce an activation layer as thin as a few microns thick and up to 30 millimeters thick and detect it during wear. The intensity-depth distribution of radioactivity generated by various charged columns of iron, copper, aluminum and bowl for general industrial materials was calculated. Thin-layer activation technology is suitable for materials, composites such as ceramics and plastics, as well as many other elements including silicon, that contain the above elements and therefore also for glass, enamel and abrasives. The thin-film activation technology offers many advantages over other wear measurement methods, including neutron activation, and is undergoing research into the research of rail, machine and plastic wear properties.