海底热液系统的发现是20世纪海洋科学中的重大事件之一,对它的研究已经成为海洋科学、地球化学、地质学、矿床学以及生物学等多学科共同面临的前沿领域。本文在总结海底热液系统基本特征的基础上,概括了海底热液流体、海底热液系统成矿物质来源以及多金属沉积物的研究现状,并提出相应存在的问题及展望。 The discovery of the seabed hydrothermal system is one of the major events in marine science in the 20th century. Its research has become a frontier field confronted by many disciplines such as marine science, geochemistry, geology, mineralogy and biology. Based on the summary of the basic characteristics of the seafloor hydrothermal system, this paper summarizes the research status of seafloor hydrothermal fluids, sources of metallogenic materials for seafloor hydrothermal systems and polymetallic sediments, and puts forward corresponding problems and prospects.