杵状指(趾)主要发生于成人,常见于许多原发疾病,包括肺部腺癌及表皮样癌、慢性肺部疾病(在儿童中,特别是囊性纤维变)、胆汁性肝硬化、溃疡性结肠炎、局限性肠炎、垂体及甲状腺疾病、先天性紫绀型心脏病及细菌性心内膜炎等。还有一种遗传性杵状指,呈性限常染色体显性遗传,女性外显率低。获得性杵状指,特别是见于肺癌者,可突然发生,常伴有关节周围及骨质增生(骨膜炎)所致的疼痛、压痛及肢体远端肥大,并有急性多关节炎,可误诊为类风湿性关节炎。关节症状可在骨膜改变和杵状指之前 Clubbing mainly occurs in adults and is common in many primary diseases, including lung adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinomas, chronic lung diseases (in children, especially cystic fibrosis), biliary cirrhosis, Ulcerative colitis, localized enteritis, pituitary and thyroid diseases, congenital cyanotic heart disease and bacterial endocarditis. There is also a hereditary clubbing refers to sexual limited autosomal dominant inheritance, female penetrance is low. Acquired clubbing, especially seen in lung cancer, can occur suddenly and often with pain, tenderness, and distal hypertrophy caused by periarticular and hyperosteogeny (periostitis), as well as acute polyarthritis, which can be misdiagnosed For rheumatoid arthritis. Joint symptoms can be altered before the periosteum and clubbing