论文部分内容阅读
海岸带自然湿地具有重要的水鸟保育价值。近年来,大规模的海岸带围垦造成了海岸带自然湿地的消失和质量退化,导致水鸟栖息地面积和质量的急剧下降,严重降低了水鸟的保育效果。海岸带自然湿地围垦后,部分转化为水鸟保育效果较差的工业模式水稻田。提升水稻田的水鸟保育效果,关键在于改善水稻田的构建技术。根据海岸带水稻田的种植管理模式和水鸟的生境选择特点,提出了一种以水鸟保育为目标的水稻田构建技术,以生态工程手段提升水稻田的水鸟保育效果。该技术的核心内容为在水稻田中构建水池单元,并设置生境小岛等功能组件,建立水稻田复合生态系统,实现多种种植和养殖。在满足水稻田生产管理需要的同时,为水鸟提供丰富的食物和适宜的多样性栖息场所。为验证该技术的水鸟保育效果,2013年夏季在崇明东滩依此技术构建了10 hm~2水稻试验田。2013年秋季至2014年春季,对比工业模式水稻田,各选取总面积10 hm~2的调查样方,开展一个完整年度的水鸟群落调查,每个季度调查5次,共计15次水鸟调查。水稻试验田共记录到水鸟34种,平均密度为41.87±6.62只/hm~2;工业模式水稻田共记录到水鸟12种,平均密度为2.08±0.45只/hm~2,水稻试验田的水鸟种类和密度均显著高于工业模式水稻田。结果表明,水稻田构建技术能够显著增加水稻田的水鸟种类和数量,提升水稻田的水鸟保育效果,从而弥补海岸带自然湿地缺失对水鸟造成的影响。水稻田构建技术可以为海岸带水稻田的水鸟保育工作提供了科学依据,同时为海岸带受损湿地的修复和水鸟栖息地的优化改造提供了参考案例。
Coastal wetlands have important waterfowl conservation values. In recent years, large-scale reclamation of coastal zones has caused the disappearance and quality degradation of natural wetlands in coastal areas, resulting in a sharp decline in the area and quality of habitats for waterfowls and seriously reducing the conservation effect of waterfowls. Coastal natural wetlands reclamation, the partial conversion into waterfowl conservation effect of poor industrial model paddy fields. The key to improving waterfowl conservation in paddy fields is to improve the technology for constructing paddy fields. According to the planting and management mode of coastal paddy fields and habitat selection characteristics of waterfowls, a construction technology of paddy field with waterfowl conservation as its goal is put forward to improve waterfowl conservation effect in paddy fields by means of ecological engineering. The core of this technology is to build water pool units in paddy fields and set up functional units such as islets of habitat, establish a compound ecosystem in paddy fields and realize various planting and breeding. While meeting the needs of paddy field production management, waterfowl is provided with abundant food and suitable habitat for diversity. To verify the waterbird conservation effect of this technology, a 10 hm ~ 2 paddy field was constructed in Chongming East Beach in summer 2013. From autumn 2013 to spring 2014, a total of 10 hm 2 surveyed plots were selected from paddy fields under industrial mode to conduct a complete annual survey of waterfowl communities, with 5 surveys per quarter for a total of 15 waterfowl surveys. A total of 34 waterfowl species were recorded in paddy fields, with an average density of 41.87 ± 6.62 / hm2. Twelve waterfowl species were recorded in paddy fields with an average density of 2.08 ± 0.45 / hm2. The density was significantly higher than that of industrial rice fields. The results showed that paddy field construction techniques can significantly increase the number and quantity of waterfowls in paddy fields and enhance waterbird conservation in paddy fields, so as to compensate for the impact of natural wetlands loss on shorebirds. Paddy field construction technology can provide a scientific basis for waterbird conservation in coastal paddy fields and provide references for the rehabilitation of damaged coastal wetlands and the optimization of waterfowl habitats.