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高密度城市和建筑群可对气候产生重要影响,例如热岛效应、空气污染和暴雨等。科学准确地评估城市对气候的影响并据此提出规划改善对策已成为建设生态城市和宜居环境必不可少的重要内容。本文对可用于城市气候评估的模型进行了归纳总结,发现以CFD耦合模型和WRF为代表的中尺度气象模型具有优势,前者更适合建筑、城市设计和详规尺度;后者更适合城市总规尺度;利用GIS平台将气候评估结果与城市信息数据库进行叠加分析或者绘制城市气候图可以更好地对接规划实践需求。
High density cities and buildings can have important climate impacts such as heat island effects, air pollution and heavy rainfall. Scientifically and accurately assessing the impact of urban climate on the basis of which planning and improvement measures are put forward has become an indispensable and important element in building an ecologically-friendly city and a livable environment. In this paper, we summarize the available models for urban climate assessment and find that the meso-scale meteorological model represented by the CFD coupling model and the WRF has the advantages. The former is more suitable for the construction, urban design and detailed measurement standards. The latter is more suitable for the urban general rules Scale; using GIS platform to integrate climate assessment results with the city information database or draw the urban climate map can better meet the planning and practical requirements.