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沿山坡修建灌溉渠道,挖、填、凿隧洞,要做大量的土石方。设计中要选择最经济的断面,使工程造价最小。本文通过某水库西水中调灌溉总干渠的规划设计,总结讨论山区灌溉渠道经济断面的选择方法和步骤。并指出梯形水力最佳断面在高削山坡、深挖方情况下是不经济的断面。在过水断面相同的条件下土石方量最小,即最经济的是三角形过水断面。设计实例中,三角形断面可节省土石方量8％以上。这对山区修建土石方量很大的渠道工程来说是很有意义的。本文还对高削山坡体土石方量的计算方法提出计算公式,对该公式中山坡自然边坡系数M采用平均值M代换,并提出M值的计算公式。这可大大缩短方案比较中土石方工程量计算的时间。本文可供其他渠道设计工作的参考。
Build irrigation channels along the slopes, digging, filling, chisel tunnels, to do a lot of earth and stone. Design to choose the most economical section, so that the project cost minimum. In this paper, through the planning and design of the main canal for water diversion from west reservoir in some reservoirs, the methods and steps of economic section selection of mountain irrigation canal are summarized. It is pointed out that the optimal section of trapezoidal hydraulic force is uneconomic in the case of high cutting hill and deep excavation. The same conditions in the cross-section of the earth under the smallest amount of earth and stone, the most economical is the cross-section of the triangle. In the design example, the triangular section can save more than 8% of earth and stone. This is very significant for the construction of a large amount of earthwork in mountainous channel projects. In this paper, the calculation formula of the earthwork amount of slope in high cut slope is put forward. The formula M is replaced by the average value M of the natural slope coefficient M on the hill slope, and the calculation formula of M value is proposed. This can greatly shorten the program comparison of earthwork calculation time. This article is available for reference to other channel design work.