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目的探讨职业病有害因素对作业人员肝脏健康的影响,为控制职业危害提供依据。方法选取北京市房山区89家企业接触有害因素人员1 275名为接害组,同时选取未接触有害因素人员338名为对照组,用连续监测法检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。结果接触有害因素人员ALT水平及异常率(15.29%)明显高于未接触人员(9.76%),差异有统计学意义(u=3.50,χ2=6.73,均P<0.01);随接害年限的增加ALT水平及异常率随之升高,差异有统计学意义(u=2.30,χ2=5.79,均P<0.05);接触物理、化学混合因素人员ALT异常率明显高于接触单纯物理、化学因素人员,差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.70,均P<0.01);接害组男性ALT异常率明显高于女性(χ2=18.92,P<0.01)。结论房山区相关企业作业人员ALT异常率较高,职业病有害因素对肝脏有一定间接损害作用,应加强用人单位健康监护管理,做好必要防护,降低职业危害。
Objective To investigate the impact of occupational diseases on the health of workers and provide the basis for controlling occupational hazards. Methods A total of 1,275 persons with harmful factors were selected from 89 enterprises in Fangshan District, Beijing. 338 untreated patients were selected as the control group, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was detected by continuous monitoring method. Results The level of abnormal ALT and abnormal rate (15.29%) were significantly higher than those without contact (9.76%), the difference was statistically significant (u = 3.50, χ2 = 6.73, all P <0.01) The ALT level and abnormal rate increased with the increase of ALT level (u = 2.30, χ2 = 5.79, all P <0.05). The abnormal ALT rate was significantly higher than that of contact physical and chemical factors (Χ2 = 25.70, all P <0.01). The ALT abnormalities in male subjects were significantly higher than those in female subjects (χ2 = 18.92, P <0.01). Conclusion The anomalous rate of abnormal ALT of workers in Fangshan Company is relatively high, and occupational diseases have some indirect damage to the liver. Health care management of employing units should be strengthened, necessary protection should be done and occupational hazards should be reduced.