从1809年到1917年这一百多年间,芬兰一直是沙俄统治下的一个大公国。芬兰的资产阶级和地主同沙俄专制制度勾结在一起,残暴地剥削和压迫本国的劳动人民群众。这种剥削和压迫,在第一次世界大战期间达到空前的地步。战争使整个国民经济解体。在各大城市集中有十二万三千人的工业无产阶级,他们得到的实际工资比战前少68％,而他们的劳动强度却增加了7％。在农村,封建残余和资本主义交错在一起。地主富农利用粮食危机,到处投机倒把。四分之三的农民 During the hundred years from 1809 to 1917, Finland had always been a grand duchy under tsarist Russia. Finnish bourgeoisie and landlords colluded with the tsarist autocracy in their brutal exploitation and oppression of the working people in their own country. This exploitation and oppression reached unprecedented proportions during World War I. The war disintegrated the entire national economy. With 123,000 industrial proletariat concentrated in major cities, they received 68% less real wages than before the war and their labor intensity increased by 7%. In the countryside, feudal remnants and capitalism staggered together. Landlords and rich peasants use the food crisis and are speculating everywhere. Three quarters of the peasants